The structure of the psalm is relatively simple:
- A prayer based on the psalmist’s integrity before the Lord (Psalm 17:1–5) - Prayer for divine vindication (Psalm 17:1–2) 
- Basis of prayer: the psalmist’s integrity (Psalm 17:3–5) 
 
- A prayer based on the enemy’s attack (Psalm 17:6–12) - Prayer for protection from evil (Psalm 17:6–8) 
- Basis of prayer: the enemy’s viciousness Psalm 17:9–12 
 
- A prayer for rescue and a confidence for a glorious future (Psalm 17:13–15) 
1 Hear a just cause, O LORD; attend to my cry! Give ear to my prayer from lips free of deceit!