Two views of whether the Ninevites will condemn the Jews:
Yes, for the Ninevites will rise up at the heavenly judgment against this generation of Jews, to condemn it, by showing greater wisdom in their repentance than Israel in its refusal to repent, though Nineveh received far less. Nineveh will stand higher than Israel (Luke 12:47–48).
No, the Ninevites will not be judges alongside God, but their repentance will be a standard against which the guilt of this generation will be measured (Matthew 10:15, Matthew 11:22–24, Matthew 12:27).
Interpretation 1:
Yes, for when God’s judgment vindicates the person of Jesus and his gospel, the Ninevites will rise up at that heavenly judgment against this generation to condemn it. Gentiles showed greater wisdom than Israel, even though they had received far less.1
The Ninevites will rise up to testify against Israel and condemn it, and they do this by virtue of their repentance itself. Nineveh will stand higher than Israel (Luke 12:47–48) and will reveal just how grievously Israel has sinned, because it had the chance to repent yet did not.2
Interpretation 2:
No, we must not understand this as if the Ninevites will act as judges alongside God, but only that they serve as a point of comparison, exposing Israel’s guilt as a standard against which the judgment of this generation of Jews will be measured (see Matthew 10:15, Matthew 11:22–24, Matthew 12:27).3
41 The men of Nineveh will rise up at the judgment with this generation and condemn it, for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and behold, something greater than Jonah is here.