With these concluding words, the Lord wants his people to know that if he had not intervened in their history, there would be no Israel to address. Their enemies would have overcome them a long time ago.1 Israel’s presence in the land, having cities and vineyards (a fulfillment of the promise made in Deuteronomy 6:10–11) are all results of grace.2
12 et j'envoyai devant vous les frelons, qui les chassèrent loin de votre face, comme les deux rois des Amoréens: ce ne fut ni par ton épée, ni par ton arc.