No, although Jesus uses the singular form of address throughout in Matthew 16:18–19, showing that Jesus speaks specifically to Peter and grants him the keys. This may be explained by how Peter not only speaks on behalf of all the disciples, but also receives on behalf of all—but Peter does not place himself above others (1 Peter 5:1). As well, John 20:23 speaks of all the apostles, and Matthew 18:18 uses the plural in regard to binding and loosing (see also the plural in Ephesians 2:20). Addressing Peter alone also raises difficulties in the figurative language. Does the foundation, the rock, receive keys? One also must not lose sight of Peter’s relationship to the other apostles. As foundation and key-holder (Revelation 3:7), Christ grants judicial authority to all the apostles, based on their confession.
No, even though it is noteworthy Jesus employs the singular form of address throughout in Matthew 16:18–19 which indicates that Jesus speaks specifically to Peter and grants the keys to him. We believe that this may be explained from the context: Peter not only speaks on behalf of all the disciples but also receives on behalf of all, but Peter himself does not place himself above others (1 Peter 5:1). Moreover, John 20:23 expressly speaks of all the apostles, and in Matthew 18:18, the plural is used with regard to binding and loosing (see also the plural in Ephesians 2:20). If one makes too much of the singular form of address used here, difficulties arise. Does the foundation, the rock, receive keys? One must assume that the pericope itself is full of imagery. But then one must also not lose sight of Peter’s relationship to the other apostles. Christ is foundation and key-holder (Revelation 3:7), and taken as a whole, we may say that Christ ascribes judicial authority to the apostles. They may and must speak of forgiveness and of condemnation. The norm is the apostolic confession.1
19 Je te donnerai les clés du royaume des cieux: ce que tu lieras sur la terre sera lié dans les cieux, et ce que tu délieras sur la terre sera délié dans les cieux.