John the Baptist defines true repentance as that which bears good fruit,
coming from a contrite heart (see Psalm 51:1–19, Matthew 6:17). Real repentance changes one’s character (Matthew 3:2), which is seen in one’s words and deeds (see Luke 3:10–14). John does not deny that the Jewish leaders produce fruit, but it is not good fruit
(Matthew 3:10), because it does not result from seeing their guilt.
John the Baptist calls the Pharisees and Sadducees to true repentance—that which renews and produces good fruits. If true fruits spring forth from this true principle, then one can proceed to receive baptism. John highlights how the inward state of people’s hearts can be known by their outward actions (see also Matthew 6:17).1 Fruit trees are only useful inasmuch as they bear fruit. Likewise repentance, which entails much more than mere adherence to orthodox doctrine, means a complete change of character (Matthew 3:2), which always necessarily becomes visible in one’s walk of life—in words and in deeds (see Luke 3:10–14).2
John is not denying that they bear fruit. But the point is that it is not good fruit
(Matthew 3:10). They have to bear fruit that is worthy of repentance. If the fruit borne in the life of the members of the two parties do not harmonize with John’s baptism of repentance, they are condemned by it. Works that remain aloof from the penance now underway in Israel are not genuine good works. They lack a sense of guilt and betray a sense of self-satisfaction.3
7 Mais, voyant venir à son baptême beaucoup de pharisiens et de sadducéens, il leur dit: Races de vipères, qui vous a appris à fuir la colère à venir?