The primary application here is to tribulation in Israel's immediate future. And Israel would indeed experience trial in the days of the Judges, the period following the first part of the conquest. But the tribulation of this verse would be even more apparent in the fall of the two kingdoms and the exile from the Promised Land. Such misery will be enough to prompt them to return to God.
30 Au sein de ta détresse, toutes ces choses t'arriveront. Alors, dans la suite des temps, tu retourneras à l'Eternel, ton Dieu, et tu écouteras sa voix;