It is not clear if the men were sent by James or if they simply came from Jerusalem, where James was prominent.1 James would later mention that some folk went from Jerusalem and claimed to speak on their (the leaders in Jerusalem's) behalf (Acts 15:24).2 In either case, Paul does not criticize James but Peter.3
12 En effet, avant l'arrivée de quelques personnes de l'entourage de Jacques, il mangeait avec les païens, et, quand elles furent venues, il s'esquiva et se tint à l'écart, par crainte des circoncis.