How is rebellion like the sin of divination and arrogance (ESV: presumption) like the evil of idolatry?
It is not clear why a comparison is made to divination and idolatry. Possibly Saul’s rebellion was an attempt to manipulate God (which is what happens in divination). He disobeyed the Lord’s direct command, but since it was followed by sacrifice he was assured of mercy. This allowed him to get what he wanted, namely the approval of his men (1 Samuel 15:30).
With arrogance and idolatry, the connection is clearer. By thinking that he was a law unto himself and did not have to submit to the Lord,1 Saul had rejected the Lord as God and placed his own opinion above that of the Lord.
23 Car la désobéissance est aussi coupable que la divination, et la résistance ne l'est pas moins que l'idolâtrie et les théraphim. Puisque tu as rejeté la parole de l'Eternel, il te rejette aussi comme roi.