The term for outsider
(Hebrew: zār
) could also refer to the layman
—an Israelite who is not a priest. In this particular context, it seems unnecessary to state that a foreigner would be put to death. The term seems more likely thus to refer to the Israelites who were not authorized to approach the tabernacle. Capital punishment for approaching the tabernacle highlights the holiness of God, reminding the people that God is taking residence amongst them on his terms alone. Had it not been for God’s mercy, the entire nation would have received the death penalty for their rebellion (see Exodus 33:1–23).
10 Tu établiras Aaron et ses fils pour qu'ils observent les fonctions de leur sacerdoce; et l'étranger qui approchera sera puni de mort.