No, his turning around and facing the disciples shows that Jesus does not see Peter himself as Satan, but that Satan is tempting him at that moment through this well-intentioned disciple. Peter finds himself looking at Jesus’ back. Christ compels Simon to see the danger of his words and turn back to Jesus, and so Peter matures by means of this lesson that it is God who wills the suffering while Satan does not.
No, the very act of turning around and facing the disciples shows that Jesus does not identify Peter himself as Satan, but that Satan is tempting him at that moment using this well-intentioned disciple as an instrument. Startled and overwhelmed, Peter suddenly finds himself looking at Jesus’ back. He now faces a choice: either to recognize the danger of his words and turn back to Jesus, or to cling to his statement and thus align himself with Satan’s intent. Christ compels his disciple Simon to take the first path, and so Peter becomes more mature by means of this deepened lesson about suffering. It is God who wills the suffering while Satan does not.1
23 But he turned and said to Peter, “Get behind me, Satan! You are a hindranceto me. For you are not setting your mind on the things of God, but on the things of man.”