How did Jesus show his disciples his suffering, death and resurrection?

Matthew 16:21 (ESV)

21 From that time Jesus began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and on the third day be raised.

In short

Several places in the Gospels show that this showing means revealing by proof from the Scriptures and the prophets (Matthew 26:54; Luke 24:44). Matthew 16:21 stresses the divine necessity of repudiation, suffering, and even death. Scripture is the basis of this necessity, by showing that God wills it.

From several other places in the Gospels we know that this showing refers to revealing by means of proof from the Scriptures and the prophets (Matthew 26:54; Luke 24:44). Here in Matthew 16:21 the emphasis falls on the divine necessity of repudiation, suffering, and even death. The Scriptures are the source of this necessity, but what people learn from it is the will of God himself. And that is what Jesus reveals here: God wills it.¹