Whose mother will be utterly shamed and disgraced?  

The Lord now speaks to Babylon. The word though is used in Jeremiah 50:11, but it should probably be a stronger word like because, as in Jeremiah 50:13. The Babylonian’s mother shall be utterly shamed, and she who bore you shall be disgraced. The word mother refers to the city of Babylon. This powerful and impressive city represents the pride and confidence of the Babylonian people, but all of this will be exposed and reduced to nothing by the Lord. The great city of Babylon will be the last of the nations, a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert. The city that represented the most powerful nation in the region will be destroyed and Babylon will become inconsequential. The mention of a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert probably refers to the irrigation canals from the Euphrates River that played such a vital role in the city’s life, being totally destroyed by the invaders.¹ The Lord’s wrath against Babylon will not be inhibited, but shall be an utter desolation. Nothing will restrain the Lord’s judgment of Babylon. The consequences are so devastating that those who pass by will be appalled by what has happened to the once glorious city.

The reason why the Lord’s anger against Babylon is so great is given in Jeremiah 50:11: Though (because) you rejoice, though (because) you exult, O plunderers of my heritage, though (because) you frolic like a heifer in the pasture, and neigh like a stallion. Babylon has rejoiced over the fact that they have plundered Judah, the Lord’s heritage (see Jeremiah 2:7; Jeremiah 16:18; Jeremiah 50:11). Babylon had acted with unrestrained, reckless abandon, acknowledging no limits to what they did in devastating countries they conquered.² The Lord therefore vindicates his people by bringing retribution to Babylon for its arrogant, excessive and cruel treatment of Judah.