No, Jesus’ warning of persecution in Matthew 10:17–25 was not only for this mission, but applied to all his followers’ work (see the warnings of Mark 13:9–13; Luke 21:12–19), even if the mission to the Gentiles was not yet a reality (Matthew 10:23b). This warning would still apply until Jerusalem’s fall, which occurred in the place of the coming of the Son of Man (Matthew 15:23, Matthew 22:1–14, Matthew 23:38–39).
No, Jesus’ warnings of the threat of persecutions outlined in Matthew 10:17–25 was not limited to this first mission given to the apostles, but can be applied to the work of all the followers of Jesus (see the later warnings of Mark 13:9 and Luke 21:12–19), even if the mission to the Gentiles had not yet become a reality here with this first apostolic mission (Matthew 10:23b). Jesus’ warning here would remain relevant until the fall of Jerusalem, which occurred in the place of the coming of the Son of Man (Matthew 15:23, Matthew 22:1–14, Matthew 23:38–39).1
17 Beware of men, for they will deliver you over to courts and flog you in their synagogues,