There are different opinions on whose behaviour is presented in these verses:
Some propose that Lamentations 3:34 refers to the treatment that the Jews experienced from the Babylonians, while Lamentations 3:35–36 refers to practices that the Jews themselves were guilty of among themselves.
Others propose that all three verses refer to the treatment the Jews experienced from the Babylonians.
Yet others propose that all three verses refer to the general evil of the violation of justice.
As it is very likely that all three verses have the same meaning, the first view may be set aside. If all that is said here is ascribed to the Babylonians, or whether everything relates to humanity in general, both may be acceptable. For example, the expression all the prisoners of the earth
may refer to the distressed inhabitants of Judah—because “earth “can also mean land—or then, literally, to everyone on earth that has been distressed. Generally it refers to all who at any time find themselves in someone else's power.1
34 To crush underfoot all the prisoners of the earth,