The self-satisfaction of the enemies (see Lamentations 2:16) was only possible because it was God's own counsel and purpose that was carried out in Jerusalem's destruction. The Chaldeans were able to conquer the holy city only because God fulfilled therein what he had purposed and accomplished what He had previously declared. With the giving of the law at Mt Sinai, the announcement had already sounded as a warning (see Leviticus 26:14–39; Deuteronomy 28:47–68). When in subsequent generations deviations had occurred, the warning was repeated (see Micah 2:12). Thus, what has now happened had already been announced on countless occasions, but was now ruthlessly carried out. God casts down his people and fills the enemy with joy. In Hebrew, the word for horn
is used, which is translated as might.
To exalt the horn is to bring an increase of power (see also 1 Samuel 2:1; Psalm 89:25; Psalm 148:14).1
17 The LORD has done what he purposed; he has carried out his word, which he commanded long ago; he has thrown down without pity; he has made the enemy rejoice over you and exalted the might of your foes.