The implication of the phrasing is that Jedaiah lived in proximity to the broken-down wall, perhaps even having stones from the wall (as we might say it) on his lawn. The obvious section of wall where he might labour would then be the piece in his own backyard.
It should be noted that by now the builders are labouring still on the western wall of the city, but considerably south of the temple area. That will explain why the list presently contains tradesmen and local residents.
10 Next to them Jedaiah the son of Harumaph repaired opposite his house. And next to him Hattush the son of Hashabneiah repaired.