Here the entire nation of Israel is addressed. As a nation, they will greatly increase in number. For the Lord had promised Abram: I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you and make your name great
(Genesis 12:2a). This will soon happen, Moses tells the people, in the land that flows with milk and honey. Especially compared to the dry and barren wilderness, the Promised Land is a good and fertile land (read Deuteronomy 8:7–10). Even before the deliverance from Egypt, the Lord had promised this (Exodus 3:8, Exodus 3:17). It is almost time now. What the Lord promises is being fulfilled. The nation of Israel will expand immensely in a beautiful land.
There is one condition: Hear [therefore] O Israel.
It is crucial for every Israelite to listen attentively to God and to carefully observe his laws and commandments in their daily lives. Those who live this way will enjoy God's good gifts in the beautiful Promised Land.
We who live many centuries later are also on our way to a promised land, the new heaven and the new earth. Those who live in reverence for God today will one day fully enjoy that beautiful land. The apostle John was given a glimpse of this and was commanded to record it for the church of all ages: Then the angel showed me the river of the water of life, bright as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb, through the middle of the street of the city; also on either side of the river, the tree of life with its twelve kinds of fruit, yielding its fruit each month. The leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations
(Revelation 22:1–2). In short: a prosperous and abundant life. This is promised to everyone who fears the Lord and keeps his commandments.
3 Hear therefore, O Israel, and be careful to do them, that it may go well with you, and that you may multiply greatly, as the LORD, the God of your fathers, has promised you, in a land flowing with milk and honey.