Some commentators ask the question as to which covenant is being referred to. Is it the renewed covenant that had come about during the reforms under Josiah’s rule or is it the Mosaic covenant? The language that is used in the passage seems to suggest that Jeremiah is speaking of the Mosaic covenant that the Lord made with Israel at Sinai and that was renewed at Mt Horeb just before Israel entered the land.1 There is also no reason to think that the renewal of the covenant under Josiah would have been different from the Mosaic covenant. Josiah was simply reaffirming the covenant as recorded in Deuteronomy.2
2 “Hear the words of this covenant, and speak to the men of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem.