Who are these “arrogant’?

These arrogant are likely the Gentiles of the surrounding nations, or the Gentiles who lived in the midst of the Israelites, although it could include some of God’s own covenant people who have completely abandoned the service of God and have become arrogant. They are called arrogant because they are filled with pride regarding their own status and have no fear of God. They are big in their own eyes, and God is little. Their arrogance is especially reprehensible insofar as it is directed towards heaven, that is, against God. Asaph, in Psalm 73, speaks of these arrogant who set their mouths against the heavens (Psalm 73:9), and they say, “How can God know? Is there knowledge in the Most High?" In saying this, they claim to be able to sin with impunity, believing that God is either ignorant of their behaviour (Psalm 10:11; Psalm 94:7), or unable to do anything about it. They deny God’s omniscience or his omnipotence.